Latest information from the UK Health Security Agency
The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) monitors cases of mpox in the UK and publishes regular updates.
There are different types of mpox, including clade I and clade II. Both have been identified in the UK, and mpox can spread through close physical contact, including sexual contact.
For the latest information about mpox cases in the UK, visit the UKHSA mpox data dashboard.
What is mpox?
Mpox (previously referred to as monkeypox) is an infection caused by the mpox virus. It can cause illness, although some people may have no symptoms.
How does mpox spread?
Mpox can spread through close physical contact with someone who has the infection. This includes contact with their rash, blisters or scabs, kissing and sexual contact.
It can also spread through coughs or sneezes when someone is close to you, or by sharing items such as clothing, bedding or towels.
Symptoms of mpox
Monkeypox or mpox symptoms can be similar to other viruses and colds.
You may notice a headache, fever, muscle aches, swollen glands, chills or exhaustion.
If you develop any of these symptoms after meeting a new sexual partner, this may be a sign that you have mpox.
More obvious symptoms include a rash, unusual spots, ulcers or blisters anywhere on the body.
These symptoms can start as soon as two days or take up to three weeks to develop.
Whilst there is no treatment specifically for mpox, getting the smallpox vaccine within four days of exposure can help prevent infection and make symptoms much milder.
In extreme cases, you may need to visit the hospital for pain relief, and take other medications to relieve symptoms.
If you think you may have been exposed to mpox, or you have developed any of these symptoms, phone your local sexual health clinic.
Make sure you call ahead before your visit.
To find out more, visit our website, tht.org.uk/mpox
The first symptoms of mpox include:
- a high temperature
- a headache
- muscle aches
- backache
- swollen glands
- shivering (chills)
- exhaustion
A rash usually appears 1 to 5 days after the first symptoms, although some people develop a rash without other symptoms. The rash usually consists of individual spots or sores (lesions), rather than a widespread red rash. There may be just one or two, and they can be painful. The spots may develop into fluid-filled blisters or sores and eventually form scabs.
The lesions can appear anywhere on the body, including the mouth, genitals and anus. Some people may also experience anal pain or bleeding.
Symptoms usually develop within 5 to 21 days of exposure.
If you have an unexplained rash, blisters or sores, particularly if you have recently had a new sexual partner or close contact with someone who may have mpox, call SHAC for advice on 01273 523388.
Call before attending the clinic. If you cannot contact a sexual health clinic, call NHS 111.
How is mpox diagnosed?
A clinician will assess your symptoms and discuss whether testing is needed. Mpox is usually diagnosed using a swab taken from a blister, sore or other affected area.
We will advise you about the appropriate arrangements for assessment and testing, and any precautions you should take to avoid passing the infection to others.
Mpox vaccination
What is the vaccine and how does it work?
The IMVANEX vaccine, (also referred to as MVA-BN) helps protect against mpox and smallpox infection. When you are vaccinated your immune system produces antibodies against the mpox virus. The vaccine does not contain the smallpox or mpox virus and cannot cause either disease.
Who can get a mpox vaccination?
The mpox vaccine is offered to people at increased risk of infection. This includes some gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men, particularly those with multiple sexual partners, and people who have been in close contact with someone who has mpox.
If you think you may be eligible, speak to a sexual health clinician.
For more information, visit the NHS mpox vaccination page.
How do I book an appointment for mpox vaccination?
Vaccinations are offered at routine sexual health appointments to patients who are eligible.
How many doses of the mpox vaccine will I need?
Most people are offered two doses of the mpox vaccine, usually at least 28 days apart. A clinician can advise you if you need any additional doses.
Are there any side effects?
Mpox vaccinations are generally well tolerated. Some people experience a sore arm, headache, or fatigue for 1–3 days.